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Less is known about the role of GABA in motor learning in healthy older adults, a knowledge gap that is surprising given the established aging\u2010related reductions in sensorimotor GABA. Here, we examined the effects of motor learning and subsequent tDCS on sensorimotor GABA levels and resting\u2010state functional connectivity in the brains of healthy older participants. Thirty\u2010six older men and women completed a motor sequence learning task before receiving anodal or sham tDCS to the sensorimotor cortex. GABA\u2010edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the sensorimotor cortex and resting\u2010state (RS) functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired before and after learning\/stimulation. At the group level, neither learning nor anodal tDCS significantly modulated GABA levels or RS connectivity among task\u2010relevant regions. However, changes in GABA levels from the baseline to post\u2010learning session were significantly related to motor learning magnitude, age, and baseline GABA. Moreover, the change in functional connectivity between task\u2010relevant regions, including bilateral motor cortices, was correlated with baseline GABA levels. These data collectively indicate that motor learning\u2010related decreases in sensorimotor GABA levels and increases in functional connectivity are limited to those older adults with higher baseline GABA levels and who learn the most. Post\u2010learning tDCS exerted no influence on GABA levels, functional connectivity or the relationships among these variables in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T12:21:26Z","timestamp":1593087686000},"page":"3680-3695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Baseline sensorimotor GABA levels shape neuroplastic processes induced by motor learning in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3010-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley R.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"LBI\u2014KU Leuven Brain Institute  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jost\u2010Julian","family":"Rumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvire","family":"Verbaanderd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin F.","family":"Heise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"LBI\u2014KU Leuven Brain Institute  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Dolfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"LBI\u2014KU Leuven Brain Institute  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sunaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven (UZ Leuven)  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Doyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Center Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Classen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6485-5559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dante","family":"Mantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"LBI\u2014KU Leuven Brain Institute  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group IRCCS San Camillo Hospital  Venice Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaas A. 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