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The neural substrates of sleep inertia are unknown, but growing evidence suggests that this inertia state maintains certain sleep features. To investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of sleep inertia, a comparison of pre\u2010sleep and post\u2010sleep wakefulness with eyes\u2010open resting\u2010state was performed using simultaneous EEG\u2010fMRI, which has the potential to reveal the dynamic details of neuroelectric and hemodynamic responses with high temporal resolution. Our data suggested sleep\u2010like features of slow EEG power and decreased BOLD activity were persistent during sleep inertia. In the pre\u2010sleep phase, participants with stronger EEG vigilance showed stronger activity in the fronto\u2010parietal network (FPN), but this phenomenon disappeared during sleep inertia. A time course analysis confirmed a decreased correlation between EEG vigilance and the FPN activity during sleep inertia. This simultaneous EEG\u2010fMRI study advanced our understanding of sleep inertia and revealed the importance of the FPN in maintaining awareness. This is the first study to reveal the dynamic brain network changes from multi\u2010modalities perspective during sleep inertia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T21:32:58Z","timestamp":1594503178000},"page":"4288-4298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Loss of frontal regulator of vigilance during sleep inertia: A simultaneous <scp>EEG\u2010fMRI<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5866-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology Southwest University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality Ministry of Education  Chongqing 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