{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:29:13Z","timestamp":1790616553824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>No study has investigated red nucleus (RN) atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) despite cerebellum and its connections are elective sites of MS\u2010related pathology. In this study, we explore RN atrophy in early MS phases and its association with cerebellar damage (focal lesions and atrophy) and physical disability. Thirty\u2010seven relapse\u2010onset MS (RMS) patients having mean age of 35.6\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5 (18\u201356) years and mean disease duration of 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 (0\u20135) years, and 36 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls (HC) were studied. Cerebellar and RN lesions and volumes were analyzed on 3\u2009T\u2010MRI images. RMS did not differ from HC in cerebellar lobe volumes but significantly differed in both right (107.84\u2009\u00b1\u200913.95\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> vs. 99.37\u2009\u00b1\u200911.53\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.019) and left (109.71\u2009\u00b1\u200914.94\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> vs. 100.47\u2009\u00b1\u200915.78\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.020) RN volumes. Cerebellar white matter lesion volume (WMLV) inversely correlated with both right and left RN volumes (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.333, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.298, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.010, respectively), while no correlation was detected between RN volumes and mean cortical thickness, cerebellar gray matter lesion volume, and supratentorial WMLV (right RN: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.147, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.216; left RN: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.153, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.196). Right, but not left, RN volume inversely correlated with midbrain WMLV (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.310, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008), while no correlation was observed between whole brainstem WMLV and either RN volumes (right RN: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.164, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.164; left RN: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.64, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.588). Finally, left RN volume correlated with vermis VIIb (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.297, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.011) and right interposed nucleus (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.249, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.034) volumes. We observed RN atrophy in early RMS, likely resulting from anterograde axonal degeneration starting in cerebellar and midbrain WML. RN atrophy seems a promising marker of neurodegeneration and\/or cerebellar damage in RMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T14:25:47Z","timestamp":1602599147000},"page":"154-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early red nucleus atrophy in relapse\u2010onset multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9232-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Margoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region (CeSMuV) University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Centre (PNC) University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Poggiali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Centre (PNC) University of Padua  Padua Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Zywicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region (CeSMuV) University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region (CeSMuV) University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lazzarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region (CeSMuV) University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Franciotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region (CeSMuV) University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Anglani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Causin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region (CeSMuV) University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Perini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region (CeSMuV) University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Neurophysiology Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region (CeSMuV) University Hospital of Padua  Padua Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Medical School University of Padua  Padua 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