{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:06:22Z","timestamp":1791493582174,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009575","name":"Jacques und Gloria Gossweiler-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009575","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Working memory (WM) performance is very often measured using the n\u2010back task, in which the participant is presented with a sequence of stimuli, and required to indicate whether the current stimulus matches the one presented n steps earlier. In this study, we used high\u2010density electroencephalography (hdEEG) coupled to source localization to obtain information on spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of neural oscillations associated with WM update, maintenance and readout. Specifically, we a priori selected regions from a large fronto\u2010parietal network, including also the insula and the cerebellum, and we analyzed modulation of neural oscillations by event\u2010related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD\/ERS). During update and readout, we found larger \u03b8 ERS and smaller \u03b2 ERS respect to maintenance in all the selected areas. \u03b3\n                    <jats:sub>LOW<\/jats:sub>\n                    and \u03b3\n                    <jats:sub>HIGH<\/jats:sub>\n                    bands oscillations decreased in the frontal and insular cortices of the left hemisphere. In the maintenance phase we observed decreased \u03b8 oscillations and increased \u03b2 oscillations (ERS) in most of the selected posterior areas and focally increased oscillations in \u03b3\n                    <jats:sub>LOW<\/jats:sub>\n                    and \u03b3\n                    <jats:sub>HIGH<\/jats:sub>\n                    bands in the frontal and insular cortices of the left hemisphere. Finally, during WM readout, we also found a focal modulation of the \u03b3\n                    <jats:sub>LOW<\/jats:sub>\n                    band in the left fusiform cortex and cerebellum, depending on the response trial type (true positive vs. true negative). Overall, our study demonstrated specific spectral signatures associated with updating of memory information, WM maintenance, and readout, with relatively high spatial resolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T04:54:36Z","timestamp":1605588876000},"page":"1153-1166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Modulation of neural oscillations during working memory update, maintenance, and readout: An\n                    <scp>hdEEG<\/scp>\n                    study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5504-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Semprini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehab Technologies Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Genoa 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