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Previous studies have identified genetic variants that underlie variation in subcortical volumes in adults. We tested whether those previously identified variants also affect subcortical regions during infancy and early childhood. The study was performed within the Generation R study, a prospective birth cohort. We calculated polygenic scores based on reported GWAS for volumes of the accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus. Participants underwent cranial ultrasound around 7\u2009weeks of age (range: 3\u201320), and we obtained metrics for the gangliothalamic ovoid, a predecessor of the basal ganglia. Furthermore, the children participated in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study around the age of 10\u2009years (range: 9\u201312). A total of 340 children had complete data at both examinations. Polygenic scores primarily associated with their corresponding volumes at 10\u2009years of age. The scores also moderately related to the diameter of the gangliothalamic ovoid on cranial ultrasound. Mediation analysis showed that the genetic influence on subcortical volumes at 10\u2009years was only mediated for 16.5\u201317.6% of the total effect through the gangliothalamic ovoid diameter at 7\u2009weeks of age. Combined, these findings suggest that previously identified genetic variants in adults are relevant for subcortical volumes during early life, and that they affect both prenatal and postnatal development of the subcortical regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T03:15:39Z","timestamp":1612581339000},"page":"1583-1593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genetic scores for adult subcortical volumes associate with subcortical volumes during infancy and childhood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3118-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander","family":"Lamballais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience VU University Amsterdam  the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A.","family":"Labrecque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Arfan","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonya","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2013.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dima D. 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