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However, TIA\u2010related structural alterations are not well established. By analyzing structural MRI data from 50 TIA patients versus 40 healthy controls (HCs), here we systematically investigated TIA\u2010related morphological alterations in multiple cortical surface\u2010based indices (cortical thickness [CT], fractal dimension [FD], gyrification index [GI], and sulcal depth [SD]) at multiple levels (local topography, interregional connectivity and whole\u2010brain network topology). For the observed alterations, their associations with clinical risk factors and abilities as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers were further examined. We found that compared with the HCs, the TIA patients showed widespread morphological alterations and the alterations depended on choices of morphological index and analytical level. Specifically, the patients exhibited: (a) regional CT decreases in the transverse temporal gyrus and lateral sulcus; (b) impaired FD\u2010 and GI\u2010based connectivity mainly involving visual, somatomotor and ventral attention networks and interhemispheric connections; and (c) altered GI\u2010based whole\u2010brain network efficiency and decreased FD\u2010based nodal centrality in the middle frontal gyrus. Moreover, the impaired morphological connectivity showed high sensitivities and specificities for distinguishing the patients from HCs. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the emergence of morphological index\u2010dependent and analytical level\u2010specific alterations in TIA, which provide novel insights into neurobiological mechanisms underlying TIA and may serve as potential biomarkers to help diagnosis of the disease. Meanwhile, our findings highlight the necessity of using multiparametric and multilevel approaches for a complete mapping of cerebral morphology in health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T13:12:35Z","timestamp":1611061955000},"page":"2045-2060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Multiparametric and multilevel characterization of morphological alterations in patients with transient ischemic attack"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yating","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University  Zhejiang Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal University  Zhejiang 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