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We examine this question in the somatosensory system using high\u2010resolution structural MRI (sMRI) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging of neural oscillatory activity. Forty\u2010four participants with HIV (PWH) and 55 demographically\u2010matched uninfected controls completed a paired\u2010pulse somatosensory stimulation paradigm during MEG and underwent 3T sMRI. MEG data were transformed into the time\u2010frequency domain; significant sensor level responses were imaged using a beamformer. Virtual sensor time series were derived from the peak responses. These data were used to compute response amplitude, sensory gating metrics, and spontaneous cortical activity power. The T1\u2010weighted sMRI data were processed using morphological methods to derive cortical thickness values across the brain. From these, the cortical thickness of the tissue coinciding with the peak response was estimated. Our findings indicated both PWH and control exhibit somatosensory gating, and that spontaneous cortical activity was significantly stronger in PWH within the left postcentral gyrus. Interestingly, within the same tissue, PWH also had significantly reduced cortical thickness relative to controls. Follow\u2010up analyses indicated that the reduction in cortical thickness was significantly correlated with CD4 nadir and mediated the relationship between HIV and spontaneous cortical activity within the left postcentral gyrus. These data indicate that PWH have abnormally strong spontaneous cortical activity in the left postcentral gyrus and such elevated activity is driven by locally reduced cortical gray matter thickness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T05:45:31Z","timestamp":1616132731000},"page":"2851-2861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Impact of <scp>HIV\u2010infection<\/scp> on human somatosensory processing, spontaneous cortical activity, and cortical thickness: A multimodal neuroimaging approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6321-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe C.","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital Institute for Human Neuroscience  Boys Town Nebraska 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