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Here, we examined longitudinal changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) distribution in late middle\u2010aged and older adults with treated or untreated OSA. Twelve controls (64.8\u00a0\u00b1\u20098.0\u2009years) and 23 participants with newly diagnosed OSA (67.8\u00a0\u00b1\u20096.2\u2009years) were evaluated with polysomnography and cerebral <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010HMPAO single\u2010photon emission computed tomography during wakeful rest. OSA participants were referred to a sleep apnea clinic and 13 of them decided to start continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Participants were tested again after 18\u00a0months. Voxel\u2010based analysis and extracted relative rCBF values were used to assess longitudinal changes. Untreated OSA participants showed decreased relative rCBF in the left hippocampus and the right parahippocampal gyrus over time, while treated participants showed trends for increased relative rCBF in the left hippocampus and the right parahippocampal gyrus. No changes were found over time in controls. Untreated OSA is associated with worsening relative rCBF in specific brain areas over time, while treated OSA shows the opposite. Considering that OSA possibly accelerates cognitive decline in older adults, CPAP treatment could help reduce risk for cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T16:58:44Z","timestamp":1620061124000},"page":"3429-3439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Longitudinal changes in regional cerebral blood flow in late middle\u2010aged and older adults with treated and untreated obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Francis","family":"L'Heureux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9\u2010Coeur de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et de Services Sociaux du Nord de l'\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9710-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9e\u2010Ann","family":"Baril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9\u2010Coeur de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et de Services Sociaux du Nord de l'\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montreal  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Paul","family":"Soucy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnel Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Lafond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9\u2010Coeur de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et de Services Sociaux du Nord de l'\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Montplaisir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9\u2010Coeur de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et de Services Sociaux du Nord de l'\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3370-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Gosselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9\u2010Coeur de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et de Services Sociaux du Nord de l'\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.100537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199104000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201606-1271OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18814106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Brett M. 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