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In this study, we evaluate three methods that overwrite voxels containing privacy\u2010sensitive information: Face Masking, FreeSurfer defacing, and FSL defacing. We included structural T1\u2010weighted MRI scans of children, young adults and older adults. For the young adults, test\u2013retest data were included with a 1\u2010week interval. The effects of the de\u2010identification methods were quantified using different statistics to capture random variation and systematic noise in measures obtained through the FreeSurfer processing pipeline. Face Masking and FSL defacing impacted brain voxels in some scans especially in younger participants. FreeSurfer defacing left brain tissue intact in all cases. FSL defacing and FreeSurfer defacing preserved identifiable characteristics around the eyes or mouth in some scans. For all de\u2010identification methods regional brain measures of subcortical volume, cortical volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness were on average highly replicable when derived from original versus de\u2010identified scans with average regional correlations &gt;.90 for children, young adults, and older adults. Small systematic biases were found that incidentally resulted in significantly different brain measures after de\u2010identification, depending on the studied subsample, de\u2010identification method, and brain metric. In young adults, test\u2013retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were comparable for original scans and de\u2010identified scans with average regional ICCs &gt;.90 for (sub)cortical volume and cortical surface area and ICCs &gt;.80 for cortical thickness. We conclude that apparent visual differences between de\u2010identification methods minimally impact reliability of brain measures, although small systematic biases can occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T17:11:11Z","timestamp":1620753071000},"page":"3643-3655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["De\u2010identification procedures for magnetic resonance images and the impact on structural brain measures at different ages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth E. 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