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Optic disc edema is a common sign of SANS. The origin and effects of SANS are not understood as signs of SANS have not manifested in previous spaceflight analog studies. In the current spaceflight analog study, 11 subjects underwent 30\u2009days of strict head down\u2010tilt bed rest in elevated ambient carbon dioxide (HDBR+CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we acquired resting\u2010state fMRI data at 6 time points: before (2), during (2), and after (2) the HDBR+CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    intervention. Five participants developed optic disc edema during the intervention (SANS subgroup) and 6 did not (NoSANS group). This occurrence allowed us to explore whether development of signs of SANS during the spaceflight analog impacted resting\u2010state functional connectivity during HDBR+CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In light of previous work identifying genetic and biochemical predictors of SANS, we further assessed whether the SANS and NoSANS subgroups exhibited differential patterns of resting\u2010state functional connectivity prior to the HDBR+CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    intervention. We found that the SANS and NoSANS subgroups exhibited distinct patterns of resting\u2010state functional connectivity changes during HDBR+CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    within visual and vestibular\u2010related brain networks. The SANS and NoSANS subgroups also exhibited different resting\u2010state functional connectivity prior to HDBR+CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    within a visual cortical network and within a large\u2010scale network of brain areas involved in multisensory integration. We further present associations between functional connectivity within the identified networks and previously identified genetic and biochemical predictors of SANS. Subgroup differences in resting\u2010state functional connectivity changes may reflect differential patterns of visual and vestibular reweighting as optic disc edema develops during the spaceflight analog. This finding suggests that SANS impacts not only neuro\u2010ocular structures, but also functional brain organization. Future prospective investigations incorporating sensory assessments are required to determine the functional significance of the observed connectivity differences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T10:32:58Z","timestamp":1623234778000},"page":"4281-4297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ophthalmic changes in a spaceflight analog are associated with brain functional reorganization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3927-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather R.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin R.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiri E.","family":"De Dios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichole E.","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor S.","family":"Kofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob J.","family":"Bloomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajitkumar P.","family":"Mulavara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara R.","family":"Zwart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael D.","family":"Seidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199901180-00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65798-1_44"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00669.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63437-5.00003-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Advances and pitfalls in the analysis and interpretation of resting\u2010state FMRI data","volume":"4","author":"Cole D. 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