{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:01:39Z","timestamp":1773849699644,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010446","name":"Institute for Basic Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R001\u2010D1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R001\u2010D1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010446","name":"Institute for Basic Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R001\u2010D2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R001\u2010D2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010446","name":"Institute for Basic Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R015\u2010D1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R015\u2010D1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A small physical change in the eye influences the entire neural information process along the visual pathway, causing perceptual errors and behavioral changes. Astigmatism, a refractive error in which visual images do not evenly focus on the retina, modulates visual perception, and the accompanying neural processes in the brain. However, studies on the neural representation of visual stimuli in astigmatism are scarce. We investigated the relationship between retinal input distortions and neural bias in astigmatism and how modulated neural information causes a perceptual error. We induced astigmatism by placing a cylindrical lens on the dominant eye of human participants, while they reported the orientations of the presented Gabor patches. The simultaneously recorded electroencephalogram activity revealed that stimulus orientation information estimated from the multivariate electroencephalogram activity was biased away from the neural representation of the astigmatic axis and predictive of behavioral bias. The representational neural dynamics underlying the perceptual error revealed the temporal state transition; it was transiently dynamic and unstable (approximately 350\u2009ms from stimulus onset) that soon stabilized. The biased stimulus orientation information represented by the spatially distributed electroencephalogram activity mediated the distorted retinal images and biased orientation perception in induced astigmatism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:31:57Z","timestamp":1622593917000},"page":"4336-4347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Induced astigmatism biases the orientation information represented in multivariate electroencephalogram activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sangkyu","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS)  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joonsik","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS)  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1200-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyungoo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry Catholic Kwandong University  Gangneung Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3215-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yee\u2010Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognition and Sociality Institute for Basic Science (IBS)  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9929-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonyeol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS)  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-011-9289-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182186bc4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90251-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Borish's clinical refraction","author":"Benjamin W. J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v031.i10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2015.00016","article-title":"The PREP pipeline: Standardized preprocessing for large\u2010scale EEG analysis","volume":"9","author":"Bigdely\u2010Shamlo N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(87)90045-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199106000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/7.10.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/11.2.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181e61b8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3905\/jpm.2004.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00954.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Independent component analysis of electroencephalographic data","volume":"3","author":"Makeig S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(79)90213-X"},{"issue":"2015","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Testing sensory evidence against mnemonic templates","volume":"4","author":"Myers N. E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"ELife"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3215-18.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471914878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.18.8339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Bennett and Rabbett's clinical visual optics","author":"Rabbetts R. B.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"669","article-title":"Rapid objective refraction using evoked brain potentials","volume":"12","author":"Regan D.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"Roorda A.(2004).A review of basic wavefront optics.Wavefront Customized Visual Correction pp. 9\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/11.7.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/10.12.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S166786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.67.5.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5183.1394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470514023.ch6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4327(93)90007-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn906"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"680","article-title":"Visual discomfort and astigmatic refractive errors in VDT use","volume":"62","author":"Wiggins N. P.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Optometric Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.27.6.371.18188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00123","article-title":"Revealing hidden states in visual working memory using electroencephalography","volume":"9","author":"Wolff M. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/22\/4\/305"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.25550","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hbm.25550","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.25550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T12:13:38Z","timestamp":1693311218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.25550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.25550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.25550","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}