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Several corticostriatal mechanisms are likely to play a role in tinnitus, including the dorsal\/ventral striatum and the putamen. We examined whether significant tinnitus treatment response by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudate nucleus may be related to striatal network increased functional connectivity with tinnitus networks that involve the auditory cortex or ventral cerebellum. The first study was a cross\u2010sectional 2\u2010by\u20102 factorial design (tinnitus, no tinnitus; hearing loss, normal hearing, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a068) to define cohort level abnormal functional connectivity maps using high\u2010field 7.0\u00a0T resting\u2010state fMRI. The second study was a pilot case\u2013control series (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) to examine whether tinnitus modulation response to caudate tail subdivision stimulation would be contingent on individual level striatal connectivity map relationships with tinnitus networks. Resting\u2010state fMRI identified five caudate subdivisions with abnormal cohort level functional connectivity maps. Of those, two connectivity maps exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks\u2014dorsal caudate head with Heschl's gyrus and caudate tail with the ventral cerebellum. DBS of the caudate tail in the case\u2010series responder resulted in dramatic reductions in tinnitus severity and loudness, in contrast to the nonresponder who showed no tinnitus modulation. The individual level connectivity map of the responder was in alignment with the cohort expectation connectivity map, where the caudate tail exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks, whereas the nonresponder individual level connectivity map did not.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T16:02:17Z","timestamp":1633622537000},"page":"633-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Striatal networks for tinnitus treatment targeting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7024-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leighton B. 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