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Aside from inhibiting specific processes, NIBS may also enhance cognitive functions, which might be used for the prevention and intervention of learning disabilities such as dyslexia. However, despite the growing interest in modulating learning abilities, a comprehensive, up\u2010to\u2010date review synthesizing NIBS studies with dyslexics is missing. Here, we fill this gap and elucidate the potential of NIBS as treatment option in dyslexia. The findings of the 15 included studies suggest that repeated sessions of reading training combined with different NIBS protocols may induce long\u2010lasting improvements of reading performance in child and adult dyslexics, opening promising avenues for future research. In particular, the \u201cclassical\u201d reading areas seem to be most successfully modulated through NIBS, and facilitatory protocols can improve various reading\u2010related subprocesses. Moreover, we emphasize the need to further explore the potential to modulate auditory cortex function as a preintervention and intervention approach for affected children, for example, to avoid the development of auditory and phonological difficulties at the core of dyslexia. Finally, we outline how future studies may increase our understanding of the neurobiological basis of NIBS\u2010induced improvements in dyslexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T14:43:15Z","timestamp":1635604995000},"page":"1157-1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques to improve reading difficulties in dyslexia: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9379-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Turker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation  Berlin 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