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This study compared the structural connectome of children with mTBI or mild orthopedic injury (OI) to that of typically developing (TD) children. Children aged 8\u201316.99\u2009years with mTBI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a083) or OI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a037) were recruited from the emergency department and completed 3T diffusion MRI 2\u201320\u2009days postinjury. TD children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a039) were recruited from the community and completed diffusion MRI. Graph theory metrics were calculated for the binarized average fractional anisotropy among 90 regions. Multivariable linear regression and linear mixed effects models were used to compare groups, with covariates age, hemisphere, and sex, correcting for multiple comparisons. The two injury groups did not differ on graph theory metrics, but both differed from TD children in global metrics (local network efficiency: TD &gt; OI, mTBI, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.49; clustering coefficient: TD &lt; OI, mTBI, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.49) and regional metrics for the fusiform gyrus (lower degree centrality and nodal efficiency: TD &gt; OI, mTBI, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.80 to 0.96; characteristic path length: TD &lt; OI, mTBI, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.75 to \u22120.90) and in the superior and middle orbital frontal gyrus, paracentral lobule, insula, and thalamus (clustering coefficient: TD &gt; OI, mTBI, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.66 to 0.68). Both mTBI and OI demonstrated reduced global and regional network efficiency and segregation as compared to TD children. Findings suggest a general effect of childhood injury that could reflect pre\u2010 and postinjury factors that can alter brain structure. An OI group provides a more conservative comparison group than TD children for structural neuroimaging research in pediatric mTBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T13:54:53Z","timestamp":1636379693000},"page":"1032-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Structural connectome differences in pediatric mild traumatic brain and orthopedic injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8390-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley L.","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith Owen","family":"Yeates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce","family":"Geeraert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam H.","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Montreal &amp; CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Hospital Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta and Stollery Children's Hospital  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quynh","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley G.","family":"Goodyear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Zemek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0344-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Research Canada A\u2010CAP Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708090188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406293182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/12.9.749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54950-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199403000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged \u226419\u2009years\u2014United States, 2001\u20132009","volume":"60","author":"Gilchrist J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402680101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198501000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699050903508226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316909110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23614"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"Leemans A. 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