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The current study aimed to evaluate the relative benefit of 7\u00a0over 3\u00a0T fMRI for the assessment of responses evoked in different brain regions by a well\u2010controlled cognitive task. At 3 and 7\u00a0T, the same participants made challenging perceptual decisions about visual motion combined with monetary rewards for correct choices. Previous work on this task has extensively characterized the underlying cognitive computations and single\u2010cell responses in cortical and subcortical structures. We quantified the evoked fMRI responses in extrastriate visual cortical areas, the striatum, and the brainstem during the decision interval and the post\u2010feedback interval of the task. The dependence of response amplitudes on field strength during the decision interval differed between cortical, striatal, and brainstem regions, with a generally bigger 7 versus 3\u2009T benefit in subcortical structures. We also found stronger responses during relatively easier than harder decisions at 7\u00a0T for dopaminergic midbrain nuclei, in line with reward expectation. Our results demonstrate the potential of 7\u00a0T fMRI for illuminating the contribution of small brainstem nuclei to the orchestration of cognitive computations in the human brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T06:42:43Z","timestamp":1637736163000},"page":"1265-1279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Functional magnetic resonance imaging responses during perceptual decision\u2010making at 3 and 7\u00a0T in human cortex, striatum, and brainstem"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5288-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olympia","family":"Colizoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Computational Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5875-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Willem","family":"de Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Computational Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3223-9721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wietske","family":"van der Zwaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging  Amsterdam The 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