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This study aimed to examine the neural underpinnings of these associations using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a volunteer sample. Twenty\u2010two healthy English\u2010speaking adults completed self\u2010report measures of schizotypy (Oxford\u2010Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences [O\u2010LIFE]), psychopathy (Triarchic Psychopathy Measure [TriPM]), and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS\u201011]) and underwent whole\u2010brain fMRI while performing a lexical decision task (LDT) featuring high and low\u2010frequency words, real nonwords, and pseudohomophones. Higher positive schizotypy (Unusual Experiences) was associated with lower cerebellum activity during identification of low\u2010frequency words (over real nonwords). Higher Boldness (fearless dominance) and Meanness (callous aggression) facets of psychopathy were associated with lower striatal and posterior cingulate activity when identifying nonwords over words. Higher Motor Impulsivity was associated with lower activity in the fusiform (bilaterally), inferior frontal (right\u2010sided), and temporal gyri (bilaterally) across all stimuli\u2010types over resting baseline. Positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity traits influence word\u2010nonword recognition through distinct neurocognitive mechanisms. Positive schizotypy and psychopathy appear to influence LDT performance through brain areas that play only a supportive (cerebellum) or indirect role in reading\u2010related skills. The negative association between Motor Impulsivity and activations typically found for phonological processing and automatic word identification indicates a reduced bilateral integration of the meaning and sound of mental word representations, and inability to select the appropriate outputs, in impulsive individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T07:04:06Z","timestamp":1650265446000},"page":"3620-3632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Distinct neural signatures of schizotypy and psychopathy during visual word\u2010nonword recognition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1329-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Vanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, &amp; Centre for 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