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The current longitudinal study investigates the neural correlates of fluency development using a connected\u2010text paradigm with an individualized presentation rate. Twenty\u2010six children completed a functional MRI task in 1st\/2nd grade (\n                    <jats:italic>time 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and again 1\u20132\u2009years later (\n                    <jats:italic>time 2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). There was a longitudinal increase in activation in the ventral occipito\u2010temporal (vOT) cortex from\n                    <jats:italic>time 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    to\n                    <jats:italic>time 2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This increase was also associated with improvements in reading fluency skills and modulated by individual speed demands. 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