{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:55:07Z","timestamp":1791618907136,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1314300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1314300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0909200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0909200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82030053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82030053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81601473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19JCYBJC25100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19JCYBJC25100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17JCYBJC29200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17JCYBJC29200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M611175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M611175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional connectivity (FC) disruption is a remarkable characteristic of schizophrenia. However, heterogeneous patterns reported across sites severely hindered its clinical generalization. Based on qualified nodal\u2010based FC of 340 schizophrenia patients (SZ) and 348 normal controls (NC) acquired from seven different scanners, this study compared four commonly used site\u2010effect correction methods in removing the site\u2010related heterogeneities, and then tried to cluster the abnormal FCs into several replicable and independent disrupted subnets across sites, related them to clinical symptoms, and evaluated their potentials in schizophrenia classification. Among the four site\u2010related heterogeneity correction methods, ComBat harmonization (F1 score: 0.806\u2009\u00b1\u20090.145) achieved the overall best balance between sensitivity and false discovery rate in unraveling the aberrant FCs of schizophrenia in the local and public data sets. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified three replicable FC disruption subnets across the local and public data sets: hypo\u2010connectivity within sensory areas (Net1), hypo\u2010connectivity within thalamus, striatum, and ventral attention network (Net2), and hyper\u2010connectivity between thalamus and sensory processing system (Net3). Notably, the derived composite FC within Net1 was negatively correlated with hostility and disorientation in the public validation set (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.05). Finally, the three subnet\u2010specific composite FCs (Best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]\u00a0=\u00a00.728) can robustly and meaningfully discriminate the SZ from NC with comparable performance with the full identified FCs features (best AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.765) in the out\u2010of\u2010sample public data set (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009\u22121.583, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.114). In conclusion, ComBat harmonization was most robust in detecting aberrant connectivity for schizophrenia. Besides, the three subnet\u2010specific composite FC measures might be replicable neuroimaging markers for schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T07:46:19Z","timestamp":1665560779000},"page":"156-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Unraveling schizophrenia replicable functional connectivity disruption patterns across sites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"School of Medical Imaging Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0916-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"School of Medical Imaging Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanjun","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunshui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"School of Medical Imaging Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9121-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-017-9338-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0106-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjschz.2015.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/isbi.2018.8363830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2019.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-013-1300-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0485-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171800003X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09060802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-017-0022-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2895020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2021.3080259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802612805289863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0553-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0793-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","unstructured":"Lundberg S. M. &Lee S.\u2010I.(2017).A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. Paper presented at the 31st Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2017) Long Beach CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","unstructured":"Maumet C. &Nichols T. E.(2018).Choosing a practical and valid image\u2010based meta\u2010analysis. Paper presented at the OHBM 2018\u201024th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro M. T. Singh S. &Guestrin C.(2016).\u201cWhy should i trust you?\u201d Explaining the predictions of any classifier. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10110958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-013-0679-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2874-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.03.2104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61611-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809141106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-014-1502-8"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.26108","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hbm.26108","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.26108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T04:01:42Z","timestamp":1692590502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.26108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.26108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.26108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}