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However, it remains unclear whether there are frequency\u2010specific FC alterations of the amygdala in ASD and whether FC in specific frequency bands can be used to distinguish patients with ASD from typical controls (TCs). Data from 306 patients with ASD and 314 age\u2010matched and sex\u2010matched TCs were collected from 28 sites in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. The bilateral amygdala, defined as the seed regions, was used to perform seed\u2010based FC analyses in the conventional, slow\u20105, and slow\u20104 frequency bands at each site. Image\u2010based meta\u2010analyses were used to obtain consistent brain regions across 28 sites in the three frequency bands. By combining generative adversarial networks and deep neural networks, a deep learning approach was applied to distinguish patients with ASD from TCs. The meta\u2010analysis results showed frequency band specificity of FC in ASD, which was reflected in the slow\u20105 frequency band instead of the conventional and slow\u20104 frequency bands. The deep learning results showed that, compared with the conventional and slow\u20104 frequency bands, the slow\u20105 frequency band exhibited a higher accuracy of 74.73%, precision of 74.58%, recall of 75.05%, and area under the curve of 0.811 to distinguish patients with ASD from TCs. These findings may help us to understand the pathological mechanisms of ASD and provide preliminary guidance for the clinical diagnosis of ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T13:55:06Z","timestamp":1667915706000},"page":"1094-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Abnormal amygdala functional connectivity and deep learning classification in multifrequency bands in autism spectrum disorder: A multisite functional magnetic resonance imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Huibin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics Technology Jiamusi University  Jiamusi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yikang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics Technology Jiamusi University  Jiamusi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Teacher Education Zhejiang Normal University  Jinhua China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application Zhejiang Normal University  Jinhua China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Western Languages Heilongjiang University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics Technology Jiamusi University  Jiamusi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Changshu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Teacher Education Zhejiang Normal University  Jinhua China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application Zhejiang Normal University  Jinhua China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4698-8723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xize","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Changshu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00011-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2020.101830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199706\/08)10:4\/5<165::AID-NBM454>3.0.CO"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10050274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2021.101913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodfellow I. 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