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However, previous ALFF studies were based on fast Fourier transform (FFT\u2010ALFF). Our recent study found that ALFF based on wavelet transform (Wavelet\u2010ALFF) showed better sensitivity and reproducibility than FFT\u2010ALFF. The current study aimed to test the reliability and validity of Wavelet\u2010ALFF, and apply Wavelet\u2010ALFF to investigate the modulation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The reliability and validity were assessed on multicenter RS\u2010fMRI datasets under eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) conditions (248 healthy participants in total). We then detected the sensitivity of Wavelet\u2010ALFF using a rTMS modulation dataset (24 healthy participants). For each dataset, Wavelet\u2010ALFF based on five mother wavelets (i.e., db2, bior4.4, morl, meyr and sym3) and FFT\u2010ALFF were calculated in the conventional band and five frequency sub\u2010bands. The results showed that the reliability of both inter\u2010scanner and intra\u2010scanner was higher with Wavelet\u2010ALFF than with FFT\u2010ALFF across multiple frequency bands, especially db2\u2010ALFF in the higher frequency band slow\u20102 (0.1992\u20130.25\u2009Hz). In terms of validity, the multicenter ECEO datasets showed that the effect sizes of Wavelet\u2010ALFF with all mother wavelets (especially for db2\u2010ALFF) were larger than those of FFT\u2010ALFF across multiple frequency bands. Furthermore, Wavelet\u2010ALFF detected a larger modulation effect than FFT\u2010ALFF. Collectively, Wavelet db2\u2010ALFF showed the best reliability and validity, suggesting that db2\u2010ALFF may offer a powerful metric for inspecting regional spontaneous brain activities in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T14:23:05Z","timestamp":1668694985000},"page":"1105-1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Higher reliability and validity of <scp>Wavelet\u2010ALFF<\/scp> of resting\u2010state <scp>fMRI<\/scp>: From multicenter database and application to <scp>rTMS<\/scp> modulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TMS Center, Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Deqing Hospital  Huzhou China"},{"name":"Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University  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