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One possibility is that the cerebellum allows for the offloading of cortical processing, providing support during task performance, using internal models. Here we used transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate cerebellar function and investigate the impact on cortical activation patterns. Participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a074; 22.03\u2009\u00b1\u20093.44\u2009years) received either cathodal, anodal, or sham stimulation over the right cerebellum before a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan during which they completed a sequence learning and a working memory task. We predicted that cathodal stimulation would improve, and anodal stimulation would hinder task performance and cortical activation. Behaviorally, anodal stimulation negatively impacted behavior during late\u2010phase sequence learning. Functionally, we found that anodal cerebellar stimulation resulted in increased bilateral cortical activation, particularly in parietal and frontal regions known to be involved in cognitive processing. This suggests that if the cerebellum is not functioning optimally, there is a greater need for cortical resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T10:51:46Z","timestamp":1670237506000},"page":"1666-1682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anodal cerebellar stimulation increases cortical activation: Evidence for cerebellar scaffolding of cortical processing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7937-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Indiana State University  Terre Haute Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6318-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor Bryan","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7697-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas A&amp;M Institute for Neuroscience Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.10.1482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Andersson J. 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