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The present study addressed this important question by combining a novel audiovisual sequence memory task, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and multivariate neural representational analyses. Our behavioral results revealed a reliable asymmetric cross\u2010modal predictive effect, with a stronger prediction from visual to auditory (VA) modality than auditory to visual (AV) modality. Mirroring the behavioral pattern, we found the superior parietal lobe (SPL) showed higher pattern similarity for VA than AV pairs, and the strength of the predictive coding in the SPL was positively correlated with the behavioral predictive effect in the VA condition. Representational connectivity analyses further revealed that the SPL mediated the neural pathway from the visual to the auditory cortex in the VA condition but was not involved in the auditory to visual cortex pathway in the AV condition. Direct neural pathways within the unimodal regions were found for the visual\u2010to\u2010visual and auditory\u2010to\u2010auditory predictions. Together, these results provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying cross\u2010modal sequence prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T12:20:57Z","timestamp":1675081257000},"page":"2418-2435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The neural representations underlying asymmetric cross\u2010modal prediction of words"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-3857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya  Herzliya Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2014.00069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Mind the drift \u2013 Improving sensitivity to fMRI pattern information by accounting for temporal pattern drift","author":"Alink A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4863-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3194-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2715-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2013.00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.45333"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21958"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.01.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1327-21.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"387","article-title":"Cross\u2010modal versus within\u2010modal recall: Differences in behavioral and brain responses","volume":"224","author":"Butler A. 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