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Phase\u2010amplitude coupling, which refers to the modulation of the low\u2010frequency phase to a high\u2010frequency amplitude, is probably a more sensitive quantitative measure for characterizing abnormal neural oscillations and explaining the therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of patients with insomnia disorder. Sixty insomnia disorder patients were randomly divided into the active and sham treatment groups to receive 4\u2009weeks of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. Behavioral assessments, resting\u2010state electroencephalography recordings, and sleep polysomnography recordings were performed before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. Forty good sleeper controls underwent the same assessment. We demonstrated that phase\u2010amplitude coupling values in the frontal and temporal lobes were weaker in Insomnia disorder patients than in those with good sleeper controls at baseline and that phase\u2010amplitude coupling values near the intervention area were significantly enhanced after active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. Furthermore, the enhancement of phase\u2010amplitude coupling values was significantly correlated with the improvement of sleep quality. This study revealed the potential of phase\u2010amplitude coupling in assessing the severity of insomnia disorder and the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, providing new insights on the abnormal physiological mechanisms and future treatments for insomnia disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T08:04:34Z","timestamp":1678867474000},"page":"3084-3093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effects on resting\u2010state <scp>EEG<\/scp> phase\u2010amplitude coupling in insomnia disorder patients following 1\u00a0Hz left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex <scp>rTMS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University  Xi'an 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