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Therefore, it would be informative to determine the spatial distribution of grey matter (GM) CBF in PT and full\u2010term (FT) newborns at term\u2010equivalent age (TEA) and to assess the relationship between the features of the CBF pattern and both prematurity and prematurity\u2010related brain lesions. In this prospective study, we obtained measures of CBF in 66 PT (51 without and 15 with prematurity\u2010related brain lesions) and 38 FT newborns through pseudo\u2010continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI acquired at TEA. The pattern of GM CBF was characterized by combining an atlas\u2010based automated segmentation of structural MRI with spatial normalization and hierarchical clustering. The effects of gestational age (GA) at birth and brain injury on the CBF pattern were investigated. We identified 4 physiologically\u2010derived clusters of brain regions that were labeled Fronto\u2010Temporal, Parieto\u2010Occipital, Insular\u2010Deep GM (DGM) and Sensorimotor, from the least to the most perfused. We demonstrated that GM perfusion was associated with GA at birth in the Fronto\u2010Temporal and Sensorimotor clusters, positively and negatively, respectively. Moreover, the presence of periventricular leukomalacia was associated with significantly increased Fronto\u2010Temporal GM perfusion and decreased Insular\u2010DGM perfusion, while the presence of germinal matrix hemorrhage appeared to mildly decrease the Insular\u2010DGM perfusion. Prematurity and prematurity\u2010related brain injury heterogeneously affect brain perfusion. ASL MRI may, therefore, have strong potential as a noninvasive tool for the accurate stratification of individuals at risk of domain\u2010specific impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T06:55:17Z","timestamp":1682492117000},"page":"3833-3844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cerebral blood flow patterns in preterm and term neonates assessed with <scp>pseudo\u2010continuous<\/scp> arterial spin labeling perfusion <scp>MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Piccirilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5347-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio M.","family":"Chiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Sestieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Mascali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darien","family":"Calvo Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Primavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit University Hospital of Chieti  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Salomone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit University Hospital of Chieti  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Caulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Department of Radiology SS. 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