{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:41:19Z","timestamp":1790876479750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD049653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD049653"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH099630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH099630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Turner syndrome (TS) is a common sex chromosome aneuploidy in females associated with various physical, cognitive, and socio\u2010emotional phenotypes. However, few studies have examined TS\u2010associated alterations in the development of cortical gray matter volume and the two components that comprise this measure\u2014surface area and thickness. Moreover, the longitudinal direct (i.e., genetic) and indirect (i.e., hormonal) effects of X\u2010monosomy on the brain are unclear. Brain structure was assessed in 61 girls with TS (11.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u2009years) and 55 typically developing girls (10.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009years) for up to 4 timepoints. Surface\u2010based analyses of cortical gray matter volume, thickness, and surface area were conducted to examine the direct effects of X\u2010monosomy present before pubertal onset and indirect hormonal effects of estrogen deficiency\/X\u2010monosomy emerging after pubertal onset. Longitudinal analyses revealed that, whereas typically developing girls exhibited normative declines in gray matter structure during adolescence, this pattern was reduced or inverted in TS. Further, girls with TS demonstrated smaller total surface area and larger average cortical thickness overall. Regionally, the TS group exhibited decreased volume and surface area in the pericalcarine, postcentral, and parietal regions relative to typically developing girls, as well as larger volume in the caudate, amygdala, and temporal lobe regions and increased thickness in parietal and temporal regions. Surface area alterations were predominant by age 8, while maturational differences in thickness emerged by age 10 or later. Taken together, these results suggest the involvement of both direct and indirect effects of X\u2010chromosome haploinsufficiency on brain development in TS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T18:38:39Z","timestamp":1682966319000},"page":"4028-4039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adolescent brain development in girls with Turner syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1224-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Lozano Wun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara C.","family":"Foland\u2010Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Booil","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith L.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Nemours Children's Hospital  Wilmington Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan L.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates D. M\u00e4chler M. Bolker B. & Walker S. (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed\u2010Effects Models Usinglme4.Journal of Statistical Software 67(1).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04554-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berenbaum S. A. Beltz A. M. & Corley R. (2015). The importance of puberty for adolescent development. Advances in Child Development and Behavior 53\u201392.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.acdb.2014.11.002","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acdb.2014.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(02)00086-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162204001021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508831112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/13158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.09.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4682-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3182255301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2790-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203870"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00289-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2011.647900"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5810-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022230504787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24745"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30284-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119013563"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00890-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200112000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2007.20.6.677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01549-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(94)00065-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-65-3-369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3291116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980901)79:2<140::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.3.8772552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.9.5087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.12.1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3302-16.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.24.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.3.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117684"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.01.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children\u2014Fourth edition (WISC\u2010IV)","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.005"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.26327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T21:43:16Z","timestamp":1692222196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.26327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.26327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.26327","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}