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Here, we aimed to unpack individual differences by using longitudinal data from a randomised\u2010controlled trial of a 12\u2010month muscle strengthening intervention in older adults. Physical function of the lower extremities was collected from 247 participants (66.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u2009years) at four time\u2010points. At baseline and at year 4, participants underwent 3\u2009T MRI brain scans. K\u2010means longitudinal clustering was used to identify patterns of change in chair stand performance over 4\u2009years, and voxel\u2010based morphometry was applied to map structural grey matter volume at baseline and year 4. Results identified three groups showing trajectories of poor (33.6%), mid (40.1%), and high (26.3%) performance. Baseline physical function, sex, and depressive symptoms significantly differed between trajectory groups. High performers showed greater grey matter volume in the motor cerebellum compared to the poor performers. After accounting for baseline chair stand performance, participants were re\u2010assigned to one of four trajectory\u2010based groups: moderate improvers (38.9%), maintainers (38.5%), improvers (13%), and decliners (9.7%). Clusters of significant grey matter differences were observed between improvers and decliners in the right supplementary motor area. Trajectory\u2010based group assignments were unrelated to the intervention arms of the study. In conclusion, patterns of change in chair stand performance were associated with greater grey matter volumes in cerebellar and cortical motor regions. Our findings emphasise that how you start matters, as baseline chair stand performance was associated with cerebellar volume 4\u2009years later.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T15:59:44Z","timestamp":1684857584000},"page":"4299-4309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Is it all in the baseline? Trajectories of chair stand performance over 4\u2009years and their association with grey matter structure in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naiara","family":"Demnitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne T.","family":"Gates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik L.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Garde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrine L.","family":"Wimmelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartwig R.","family":"Siebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health sciences Copenhagen University  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kjaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl\u2010Johan","family":"Boraxbekk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health sciences Copenhagen University  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Sciences, Ume\u00e5 Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI) Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Andersson J. 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