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Eighty college students were recruited and randomly divided into the experimental or control group (20 dyads per each). The experimental group performed a 30\u2010min of moderate intensity single\u2010person cycling exercise, while the control group performed a 30\u2010min single\u2010person sitting. Interpersonal cooperative behavior was measured by a Prisoner's Dilemma task before and after the intervention, while neural activities in the frontal cortex in each dyad were measured by the near\u2010infrared spectroscopy\u2010based hyperscanning approach. The results showed that the average cooperation rate and cooperation efficiency of the experimental dyads were significantly higher after the exercise intervention compared to that before intervention, but not in control group. Meanwhile, the interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) in the left frontal cortex was significantly increased after intervention only in experimental dyads. Moreover, the INS increased in left frontal cortex was positively correlated with the cooperation improvement. Taken together, these results indicate that one single\u2010person bicycling can improve interpersonal cooperation behavior, which may be associated with enhanced interpersonal neural synchronization in the left frontal cortex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T10:36:33Z","timestamp":1687775793000},"page":"4535-4544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["One single\u2010person bicycling enhances interpersonal cooperation via increasing interpersonal neural synchronization in left frontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8002-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education East China Normal University  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