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Divergent atrophy patterns (temporoparietal degeneration in logopenic variant lvPPA, frontal degeneration in nonfluent variant nfvPPA) can partially account for differential speech production errors in the two groups in the later stages of the disease. While the existing dogma states that neurodegeneration is the root cause of compromised behavior and cortical activity in PPA, the extent to which neurophysiological signatures of speech dysfunction manifest independent of their divergent atrophy patterns remain unknown. We test the hypothesis that nonword deficits in lvPPA and nfvPPA arise from distinct patterns of neural oscillations that are unrelated to atrophy. We use a novel structure\u2013function imaging approach integrating magnetoencephalographic imaging of neural oscillations during a non\u2010word repetition task with voxel\u2010based morphometry\u2010derived measures of gray matter volume to isolate neural oscillation abnormalities independent of atrophy. We find reduced beta band neural activity in left temporal regions associated with the late stages of auditory encoding unique to patients with lvPPA and reduced high\u2010gamma neural activity over left frontal regions associated with the early stages of motor preparation in patients with nfvPPA. Neither of these patterns of reduced cortical oscillations was explained by cortical atrophy in our statistical model. These findings highlight the importance of structure\u2013function imaging in revealing neurophysiological sequelae in early stages of dementia when neither structural atrophy nor behavioral deficits are clinically distinct.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T07:04:00Z","timestamp":1690700640000},"page":"4833-4847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Distinct neurophysiology during nonword repetition in logopenic and non\u2010fluent variants of primary progressive aphasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7024-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leighton B. 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