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Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neural substrates involved in cognitive inflexibility among individuals with OCD. A total of 42 patients with OCD and 48 healthy controls (HCs) completed clinical assessment and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collection during cued task switching. Behavioral performances and fMRI activation were compared between the OCD group and the HC group. Psychophysiological interactions (PPIs) analyses were applied to explore functional connectivity related to task switching. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationships among behavioral performance, fMRI activity, and obsessive\u2010compulsive symptoms in OCD. The OCD group had a greater switch cost than HCs (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20095.89,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). A significant difference in reaction time was found during switch (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200917.72,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and repeat (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200916.60,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.018) between the two groups, while there was no significant difference in group accuracy. Comparison of group differences showed that the OCD group had increased activation in the right superior parietal cortex (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    SPL) during task switching, and exhibited increased connectivity of frontoparietal network\/default mode network (FPN\u2013DMN; i.e., middle frontal gyrus [MFG]\/inferior parietal cortex\u2010precuneus, MFG\u2010middle\/posterior cingulate gyrus) and within the FPN (inferior parietal cortex\u2010postcentral gyrus). In the OCD group, the compulsion score was positively correlated with accuracy during switch (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.405,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.008, FDR\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;.05), and negatively correlated with activation of\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    SPL (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2212.328,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.034, FDR\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;.05). Patients with OCD had impaired cognitive flexibility and cautious response strategy. The neural mechanism of cognitive inflexibility in OCD may involve increased activation in the\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    SPL, as well as hyperconnectivity within the FPN and between the FPN and DMN.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T14:54:35Z","timestamp":1694184875000},"page":"5460-5470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Cognitive inflexibility is linked to abnormal frontoparietal\u2010related activation and connectivity in obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychological Center the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Psychology South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychological Center the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychological Center the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychological Center the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gangxuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Psychology South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Center for Studies of Psychological Application South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Psychology South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Center for Studies of Psychological Application South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9232-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingtian","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, 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