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Decoding written script\u2014as for example in reading\u2014is typically very fast, making the investigation of the lexical and nonlexical components and their underlying neural mechanisms challenging. In the current study, we aimed to accomplish this problem by using Morse code as a model for language decoding. The decoding of Morse code is slower and thus allows a better and more fine\u2010grained investigation of the lexical and nonlexical components of language decoding. In the current study, we investigated the impact of various components of nonlexical decoding of Morse code using magnetoencephalography. For this purpose, we reconstructed the time\u2013frequency responses below 40\u2009Hz in brain regions significantly involved in Morse code decoding and word comprehension that were identified in a previous study. Event\u2010related reduction in beta\u2010 and alpha\u2010band power were found in left inferior frontal cortex and angular gyrus, respectively, while event\u2010related theta\u2010band power increase was found at frontal midline. These induced oscillations reflect working\u2010memory encoding, long\u2010term memory retrieval as well as demanding cognitive control, respectively. In sum, by using Morse code and MEG, we were able to identify a cortical network underlying language decoding in a time\u2010 and frequency\u2010resolved manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T15:07:59Z","timestamp":1696432079000},"page":"6185-6197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporal dynamics of oscillatory activity during nonlexical language decoding: Evidence from Morse code and magnetoencephalography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0412-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick Benjamin","family":"Junker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7929-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Schmidt\u2010Wilcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"Neurological Center Mainkofen  Deggendorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Schnitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr287"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2014.895314"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-017-9371-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2597-15.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.04.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.1.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-013-9246-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Two early alphabetic inscriptions from the Wadi el\u2013\u1e24\u00f4l: New evidence for the origin of the alphabet from the Western Desert of Egypt","volume":"59","author":"Darnell J. 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