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In adults, elevated anxiety\/depressive symptoms are related to diminished DHEA levels, and studies have shown a positive relationship between DHEA and anterior pituitary volumes. However, specific links between responses to stress, DHEA levels, and anterior pituitary volume have not been established in developmental samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010resolution T1\u2010weighted MRI scans were collected from 137 healthy youth (9\u201317\u2009years; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200912.99 (SD\u2009=\u20091.87); 49% female; 85% White, 4% Indigenous, 1% Asian, 4% Black, 4% multiracial, 2% not reported). The anterior and posterior PGs were manually traced by trained raters. We examined the mediating effects of salivary DHEA on trauma\u2010related symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic) and PG volumes as well as an alternative model examining mediating effects of PG volume on DHEA and trauma\u2010related symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>DHEA mediated the association between anxiety symptoms and anterior PG volume. Specifically, higher anxiety symptoms related to lower DHEA levels, which in turn were related to smaller anterior PG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results shed light on the neurobiological sequelae of elevated anxiety in youth and are consistent with adult findings showing suppressed levels of DHEA in those with greater comorbid anxiety and depression. Specifically, adolescents with greater subclinical anxiety may exhibit diminished levels of DHEA during the pubertal window, which may be associated with disruptions in anterior PG growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T05:59:24Z","timestamp":1697695164000},"page":"6388-6398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dehydroepiandrosterone mediates associations between trauma\u2010related symptoms and anterior pituitary volume in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Picci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Neuroscience Boys Town National Research Hospital  Boys Town Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Center for Pediatric Brain Health Boys Town National Research Hospital  Boys Town Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6321-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe C.","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Neuroscience Boys Town National Research Hospital  Boys Town Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren R.","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Neuroscience Boys Town National Research Hospital  Boys Town Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7553-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan M.","family":"Petro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Neuroscience Boys Town National Research Hospital  Boys Town Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4656-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Christopher\u2010Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind and Brain University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallie J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Neuroscience Boys Town National Research Hospital  Boys Town Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelyn P.","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Neuroscience Boys Town National Research Hospital  Boys Town Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Okelberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Neuroscience Boys Town National Research Hospital  Boys Town Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Tulane University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2486-747X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia M.","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince D.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tri\u2010Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony 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