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Studies have reported inconsistent findings of dopamine receptor (DR) positron emission tomography scans in obesity. Here we investigated the association between DR availability and overweight\/obesity using Bayesian and frequentist meta\u2010analysis. We performed a systematic search of Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science for studies that compared striatal DR availability between lean subjects and overweight\/obese subjects. The standardized mean difference (Hedge's g) of DR availability was calculated after extraction of data from each study. Studies were divided into two groups according to the definition of overweight\/obese subjects (body mass index [BMI] cutoff of 25 and 30\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Both Bayesian and frequentist meta\u2010analysis was done in R Statistical Software version 4.2.2 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Nine studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. Three studies with C11\u2010raclopride, one with C11\u2010PNHO, two with F18\u2010fallypride, one with I123\u2010IBZM, one with C11\u2010NMB and one with both C11\u2010raclopride and C11\u2010PNHO were included. In Bayesian meta\u2010analysis, the standardized mean difference of DR availability between lean and overweight\/obese subjects markedly overlapped with zero regardless of BMI cutoff for obesity. In frequentist meta\u2010analysis, the pooled standardized mean difference of DR availability did not show the significant difference between lean and overweight\/obese subjects. There was an effect of the radiopharmaceutical on the standardized mean difference of DR availability in meta\u2010analysis of BMI cutoff of 25\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . In conclusion, brain DR availability is not different between lean and overweight\/obese subjects. However, the effect is dependent on the radiopharmaceutical and the degree of obesity. Further studies with multi\u2010radiopharmaceutical in the same individuals are needed to understand the association between DR and obesity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T11:19:00Z","timestamp":1699701540000},"page":"6552-6560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Brain dopamine receptor system is not altered in obesity: Bayesian and frequentist meta\u2010analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5051-1894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoungjune","family":"Pak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital  Busan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"School of Medicine Pusan National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2497-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauri","family":"Nummenmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Turku PET Centre Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.149583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1783"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.9.928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2018-017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v100.i05"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21680"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/E600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2019.60.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12040486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21738"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.08.10.455776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/s171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2012.59.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1053-8119(03)00253-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"Stan Development Team. 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