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Previous studies suggest that surgical menopause might increase the risk of dementia later in life. In addition, the transition to motherhood entails long\u2010lasting endocrine and neuronal adaptations. We compared differences in whole\u2010brain cortical volume between women who reached menopause by surgery and a group of women who reached spontaneous non\u2010surgical menopause and determined whether these cortical differences were influenced by previous childbearing. Using surface\u2010based neuroimaging techniques, we investigated cortical volume differences in 201 middle\u2010aged women (134 women who experienced non\u2010surgical menopause, 78 of whom were parous women; and 67 women who experienced surgical menopause, 39 of whom were parous women). We found significant atrophy in the frontal and temporal regions in women who experienced surgical menopause. Nulliparous women with surgical menopause showed significant lower cortical volume in the left temporal gyrus extending to the medial temporal lobe cortex, as well as in the precuneus bilaterally compared to parous women with surgical menopause; whereas our results revealed no significant differences between parous women with surgical menopause and both parous and nulliparous women who reached a non\u2010surgical menopause. Furthermore, in the surgical menopause group, we found a negative correlation between cortical volume and age at first pregnancy in the temporal lobe. Our study suggests that the long\u2010term brain remodeling of parity may mitigate the neural impact of the sudden drop in estrogen levels that characterizes surgical menopause.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T14:46:38Z","timestamp":1702046798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Previous pregnancies might mitigate cortical brain differences associated with surgical menopause"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Pena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioingenier\u00eda Universidad Carlos III de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Salud Mental Instituto 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