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In the current study, we aimed at providing empirical evidence for the role of cardiac interoceptive prediction errors signals on allostatic adjustments, using transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a tool to modulate the processing of interoceptive afferents. In a within\u2010subject design, participants performed a cardiac\u2010related interoceptive task (heartbeat counting task) under taVNS and sham stimulation, spaced 1\u2010week apart. We observed that taVNS, in contrast to sham stimulation, facilitated the maintenance of interoceptive accuracy levels over time (from the initial, stimulation\u2010free, baseline block to subsequent stimulation blocks), suggesting that vagus nerve stimulation may have helped to maintain engagement to\u00a0cardiac afferent signals. During the interoceptive task, taVNS compared to sham, produced higher heart\u2010evoked potentials (HEP) amplitudes, a potential readout measure of cardiac\u2010related prediction error processing. Further analyses revealed that the positive relation between interoceptive accuracy and allostatic adjustments\u2014as measured by heart rate variability (HRV)\u2014was mediated by HEP amplitudes. Providing initial support for predictive processing accounts of interoception, our results suggest that the stimulation of the vagus nerve may increase the precision with which interoceptive signals are processed, favoring their influence on allostatic adjustments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T08:21:10Z","timestamp":1708503670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modulates the processing of interoceptive prediction error signals and their role in allostatic regulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0307-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Ventura\u2010Bort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences University of Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3968-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Weymar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences University of Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg University of Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2020.107870"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44271-023-00016-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2023.102116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1996.tb00731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X12000477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00057.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2020.107869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"How do you feel\u2014Now? 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