{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:01:40Z","timestamp":1793073700293,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20011878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20011878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000251022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000251022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The glymphatic system is a glial\u2010based perivascular network that promotes brain metabolic waste clearance. Glymphatic system dysfunction has been observed in both multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), indicating the role of neuroinflammation in the glymphatic system. However, little is known about how the two diseases differently affect the human glymphatic system. The present study aims to evaluate the diffusion MRI\u2010based measures of the glymphatic system by contrasting MS and NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study included 63 patients with NMOSD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921) and MS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200942) who underwent DTI. The fractional volume of extracellular\u2010free water (FW) and an index of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along the perivascular space (DTI\u2013ALPS) were used as indirect indicators of water diffusivity in the interstitial extracellular and perivenous spaces of white matter, respectively. Age and EDSS scores were adjusted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using Bayesian hypothesis testing, we show that the present data substantially favor the null model of no differences between MS and NMOSD for the diffusion MRI\u2010based measures of the glymphatic system. The inclusion Bayes factor (BF<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) of model\u2010averaged probabilities of the group (MS, NMOSD) was 0.280 for FW and 0.236 for the ALPS index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Together, these findings suggest that glymphatic alteration associated with MS and NMOSD might be similar and common as an eventual result, albeit the disease etiologies differ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner Points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Previous literature indicates important glymphatic system alteration in MS and NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We explore the difference between MS and NMOSD using diffusion MRI\u2010based measures of the glymphatic system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We show support for the null hypothesis of no difference between MS and NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This suggests that glymphatic alteration associated with MS and NMOSD might be similar and common etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T06:17:02Z","timestamp":1712643422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Comparative analysis of glymphatic system alterations in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder using <scp>MRI<\/scp> indices from diffusion tensor imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4614-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minchul","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inpyeong","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Wook","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5175-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu Sung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.105990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86505-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2016.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The topography of plaques in multiple sclerosis with special reference to cerebral plaques","volume":"15","author":"Fog T.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 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