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However, the neural mechanisms that underlie these temperaments are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify the brain regions associated with different affective temperaments. We collected the resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 211 healthy adults and evaluated their affective temperaments using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. We used intersubject representational similarity analysis to identify brain regions associated with each affective temperament. Brain regions associated with each affective temperament were detected. These regions included the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), precuneus, amygdala, thalami, hippocampus, and visual areas. The ACC, lingual gyri, and precuneus showed similar activity across several affective temperaments. The similarity in related brain regions was high among the cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperaments, and low between hyperthymic and the other affective temperaments. These findings may advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying affective temperaments and their potential relationship to mental disorders and may have potential implications for personalized treatment strategies for mood disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T06:29:57Z","timestamp":1714458597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neural substrates of affective temperaments: An intersubject representational similarity analysis to resting\u2010state <scp>functional magnetic resonance imaging<\/scp> in nonclinical subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4473-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yidan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3889-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiwang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huawang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Brett M. et al. 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