{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:56:39Z","timestamp":1791082599779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN\u2010143212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN\u2010143212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inferior frontal sulcus (<jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic>) is a prominent sulcus on the lateral frontal cortex, separating the middle frontal gyrus from the inferior frontal gyrus. The morphology of the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> can be difficult to distinguish from adjacent sulci, which are often misidentified as continuations of the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic>. The morphological variability of the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> and its relationship to surrounding sulci were examined in 40 healthy human subjects (i.e., 80 hemispheres). The sulci were identified and labeled on the native cortical surface meshes of individual subjects, permitting proper intra\u2010sulcal assessment. Two main morphological patterns of the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> were identified across hemispheres: in Type I, the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> was a single continuous sulcus, and in Type II, the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> was discontinuous and appeared in two segments. The morphology of the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> could be further subdivided into nine subtypes based on the presence of anterior and posterior sulcal extensions. The <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> was often observed to connect, either superficially or completely, with surrounding sulci, and seldom appeared as an independent sulcus. The spatial variability of the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> and its various morphological configurations were quantified in the form of surface spatial probability maps which are made publicly available in the standard <jats:italic>fsaverage<\/jats:italic> space. These maps demonstrated that the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> generally occupied a consistent position across hemispheres and across individuals. The normalized mean sulcal depths associated with the main morphological types were also computed. The present study provides the first detailed description of the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> as a sulcal complex composed of segments and extensions that can be clearly differentiated from adjacent sulci. These descriptions, together with the spatial probability maps, are critical for the accurate identification of the <jats:italic>ifs<\/jats:italic> in anatomical and functional neuroimaging studies investigating the structural characteristics and functional organization of this region in the human brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T09:33:31Z","timestamp":1720690411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Morphological patterns and spatial probability maps of the inferior frontal sulcus in the human brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9921-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Nolan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology McGill University  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0650-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kep Kee","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Petrides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology McGill University  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706220104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1567-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4739-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2779-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb4588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2023.2461"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1416-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2389-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1483-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.04.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.6.0903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2020.101651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues","author":"Brodmann K.","year":"1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62832-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607101104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"External morphology of the primate brain","author":"Connolly C. J.","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561770397010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Contribution to the surface anatomy of the cerebral hemispheres","author":"Cunningham D. J.","year":"1892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0926-6410(98)00004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(00)80855-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.07.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derrfuss J. Brass M. von Cramon D. Y. Lohmann G. & Amunts K. (2009). Neural activations at the junction of the inferior frontal sulcus and the inferior precentral sulcus: interindividual variability reliability and association with sulcal morphology.Human brain mapping 30(1) 299\u2013311.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.20501","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.5.454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.153.5.1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","volume-title":"Das Stirnhirn: ein Beitrag zur Anatomie der Oberfl\u00e4che des Grosshirns","author":"Eberstaller O.","year":"1890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","volume-title":"Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen","author":"Economo C.","year":"1925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02180-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans A. C. Collins D. L. Mills S. Brown E. Kelly R. &Peters T. M.(1993).3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes. Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference: IEEE Conference Record San Francisco CA 1813\u20131817https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NSSMIC.1993.373602","DOI":"10.1109\/NSSMIC.1993.373602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00032.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0102-20.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1189-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00685"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2892-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3058-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2060-18.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810928106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-019-00734-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2362-20.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","volume-title":"Atlas of the cerebral sulci","author":"Ono M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1991.0158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.15-01-00359.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195177640.003.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","volume-title":"The human cerebral cortex: An MRI atlas of the sulci and gyri in MNI stereotaxic space","author":"Petrides M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","volume-title":"Neuroanatomy of language regions of the human brain","author":"Petrides M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407794-2.00003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","volume-title":"Atlas of the morphology of the human cerebral cortex on the average MNI brain","author":"Petrides M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Handbook of neuropsychology","author":"Petrides M.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2001.02090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012547626-3\/50026-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.3.878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/3.4.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2022.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.45.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","volume-title":"Atlas of the cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex","author":"Sarkissov S.","year":"1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1733-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1106-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_jslhr-s-csmc7-18-0442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25162-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-022-02539-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.1.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.1493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab439"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.26759","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T02:57:49Z","timestamp":1721098669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.26759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.26759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.26759","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e26759"}}