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However, alterations at the systemic metabolic network level and at the connection level between different brain regions still remain unknown. This study aimed to explore metabolic network alterations at multiple network levels among PD patients using an individual\u2010specific metabolic network (ISMN) approach. <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG\u2010PET images of patients with PD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200934) and healthy subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200947) were collected. Healthy subjects were further separated into reference group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) and control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919) randomly. Standardized uptake value normalized by lean body mass ratio (SULr) maps was calculated from the PET images. ISMNs were constructed based on SULr maps for PD patients and controls with reference to the reference group. Comparisons of nodal and edge features were performed between PD and control groups. Correlation analysis was conducted between multilevel network properties and clinical scales in PD group. A linear classifier was trained based on nodal or edge features to distinguish PD from controls. The distance from each patient's ISMN to the group\u2010level difference network showed a negative correlation with Hoehn and Yahr stage (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.390, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.023). Eight nodes from ISMN were identified which exhibited significantly increased nodal degree in PD patients compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Eleven edges were observed which demonstrated significant distinctions in Z\u2010score values in comparisons to the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Furthermore, the nodal and edge features showed comparable performances in PD diagnosis compared to the traditional SULr values, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve larger than 0.91. The proposed ISMN approach revealed systemic metabolic deviations, as well as nodal and edge distinctions in PD, which might be supplementary to the existing findings on PD\u2010related metabolic patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T07:15:42Z","timestamp":1726816542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Individual\u2010specific metabolic network based on <scp><sup>18<\/sup>F<\/scp>\u2010<scp>FDG PET<\/scp> revealing multi\u2010level aberrant metabolisms in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2941-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics Xuanwu Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases Ministry of Education  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianbin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics Xuanwu Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases Ministry of Education  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing 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