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This study aimed to investigate the interactions between temporal and frontal regions and the dynamic patterns of the frontal\u2010temporal network in TLE patients with different disease durations. The magnetoencephalography data of 36 postoperative seizure\u2010free patients with long\u2010term follow\u2010up of at least 1\u2009year, and 21 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy subjects were included in this study. Patients were initially divided into LONG\u2010TERM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918, DURATION &gt;10\u2009years) and SHORT\u2010TERM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918, DURATION \u226410\u2009years) groups based on 10\u2010year disease duration. For reliability, supplementary analyses were conducted with alternative cutoffs, creating three groups: 0\u2009&lt;\u2009DURATION \u22647\u2009years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911), 7\u2009&lt;\u2009DURATION \u226414\u2009years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911), and DURATION &gt;14\u2009years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914). This study examined the intraregional phase\u2010amplitude coupling (PAC) between theta phase and alpha amplitude across the whole brain. The interregional directed phase transfer entropy (dPTE) between frontal and temporal regions in the alpha and theta bands, and the interregional cross\u2010frequency directionality (CFD) between temporal and frontal regions from the theta phase to the alpha amplitude were further computed and compared among groups. Partial correlation analysis was conducted to investigate correlations between intraregional PAC, interregional dPTE connectivity, interregional CFD, and disease duration. Whole\u2010brain intraregional PAC analyses revealed enhanced theta phase\u2010alpha amplitude coupling within the ipsilateral temporal and frontal regions in TLE patients, and the ipsilateral temporal PAC was positively correlated with disease duration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.38, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;.05). Interregional dPTE analyses demonstrated a gradual increase in frontal\u2010to\u2010temporal connectivity within the alpha band, while the direction of theta\u2010band connectivity reversed from frontal\u2010to\u2010temporal to temporal\u2010to\u2010frontal as the disease duration increased. Interregional CFD analyses revealed that the inhibitory effect of frontal regions on temporal regions gradually increased with prolonged disease duration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.36, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;.05). This study clarified the intrinsic reciprocal connectivity between temporal and frontal regions with TLE duration. We propose a dynamically reorganized triple\u2010stage network that transitions from balanced networks to constrained networks and further develops into imbalanced networks as the disease duration increases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T15:27:29Z","timestamp":1727278049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dynamic evolution of frontal\u2010temporal network connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy: A magnetoencephalography study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data\u2010Based Precision Medicine Beihang University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for 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