{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:25:20Z","timestamp":1790871920101,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT173387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT173387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT190220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT190220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    White matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin are a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2010based biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). WMH are associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of stroke and dementia, and are commonly observed in aging, vascular cognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases. The reliable and rapid measurement of WMH in large\u2010scale multisite clinical studies with heterogeneous patient populations remains challenging, where the diversity of imaging characteristics across studies adds additional complexity to this task. We present segcsvd\n                    <jats:sub>WMH<\/jats:sub>\n                    , a convolutional neural network\u2010based tool developed to provide reliable and accurate WMH quantification across diverse clinical datasets. segcsvd\n                    <jats:sub>WMH<\/jats:sub>\n                    was developed using a large dataset consisting of over 700 fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery MRI scans from seven multisite studies, spanning a wide range of clinical populations, WMH burdens, and imaging protocols. Model training incorporated anatomical information through a novel hierarchical segmentation approach, together with extensive data augmentation techniques to improve performance across varied imaging conditions. Benchmarked against three widely available segmentation tools, segcsvd\n                    <jats:sub>WMH<\/jats:sub>\n                    demonstrated superior accuracy, achieving mean Dice score improvements of 7.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7% over HyperMapp3r, 21.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20098.6% over SAMSEG, and 43.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.1% over WMH\u2010SynthSeg across four diverse test datasets. segcsvd\n                    <jats:sub>WMH<\/jats:sub>\n                    also maintained consistently high Dice scores across these test datasets (mean DSC\u2009=\u20090.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08), and exhibited strong, stable correlations with periventricular, deep, and total WMH ground truth volumes (mean\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.99\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01). Additionally, segcsvd\n                    <jats:sub>WMH<\/jats:sub>\n                    was robust to low and moderate levels of simulated MRI spike noise artifacts and maintained strong performance across a range of binary segmentation thresholds and WMH burden levels. These findings suggest that segcsvd\n                    <jats:sub>WMH<\/jats:sub>\n                    may provide more accurate and robust WMH segmentation performance for heterogeneous clinical datasets characterized by varying degrees of CSVD severity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T04:39:21Z","timestamp":1735187961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<scp>\n                      segcsvd\n                      <sub>WMH<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    : A Convolutional Neural Network\u2010Based Tool for Quantifying White Matter Hyperintensities in Heterogeneous Patient Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5823-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren Abby","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Ottoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Berberian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J. M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Yhap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Duarte","family":"Coello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2771-6546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Valdes Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network's Krembil Brain Institute, Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Rossy PSP Centre, Toronto Western Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela M.","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network's Krembil Brain Institute, Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Rossy PSP Centre, Toronto Western Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm A.","family":"Binns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Dalla Lana School of Public Health  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bartha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University  London Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Symons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Swartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Masellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9719-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navneet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Moody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"MacIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence Unit, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna M.","family":"Wardlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S. P.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maged","family":"Goubran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEB Centre for Brain Resilience &amp; Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"ONDRI Investigators, ADNI, CAIN Investigators, colleagues from the Foundation Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2216399120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Cardoso M. J. W.Li R.Brown et\u00a0al.2022.\u201cMONAI: An Open\u2010Source Framework for Deep Learning in Healthcare.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2211.02701."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16647396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010023\u201001973\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010018\u20100261\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256\u2010020\u201000257\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laso P. 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