{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:11:32Z","timestamp":1784761892617,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Disruptions to brain networks, measured using structural (sMRI), diffusion (dMRI), or functional (fMRI) MRI, have been shown in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), highlighting the relevance of regions in the core of the connectome but yielding mixed results depending on the studied connectivity domain. Using a multilayer network approach, we integrated these three modalities to portray an enriched representation of the brain's core\u2010periphery organization and explore its alterations in PwMS. In this retrospective cross\u2010sectional study, we selected PwMS and healthy controls with complete multimodal brain MRI acquisitions from 13 European centers within the MAGNIMS network. Physical disability and cognition were assessed with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), respectively. SMRI, dMRI, and resting\u2010state fMRI data were parcellated into 100 cortical and 14 subcortical regions to obtain networks of morphological covariance, structural connectivity, and functional connectivity. Connectivity matrices were merged in a multiplex, from which regional coreness\u2014the probability of a node being part of the multiplex core\u2014and coreness disruption index (\u03ba)\u2014the global weakening of the core\u2010periphery structure\u2014were computed. The associations of \u03ba with disease status (PwMS vs. healthy controls), clinical phenotype, level of physical disability (EDSS \u2265\u20094 vs. EDSS &lt;\u20094), and cognitive impairment (SDMT z\u2010score\u2009&lt;\u2009\u22121.5) were tested within a linear model framework. Using random forest permutation feature importance, we assessed the relative contribution of \u03ba in the multiplex and single\u2010layer domains, in addition to conventional MRI measures (brain and lesion volumes), in predicting disease status, physical disability, and cognitive impairment. We studied 1048 PwMS (695F, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD age: 43.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.4\u2009years) and 436 healthy controls (250F, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD age: 38.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8\u2009years). PwMS showed significant disruption of the multiplex core\u2010periphery organization (\u03ba\u2009=\u2009\u22120.14, Hedges' g\u2009=\u20090.49,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), correlating with clinical phenotype (F\u2009=\u20093.90,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009), EDSS (Hedges' g\u2009=\u20090.18,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01), and SDMT (Hedges' g\u2009=\u20090.30, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multiplex \u03ba was the only connectomic measure adding to conventional MRI in predicting disease status and cognitive impairment, while physical disability also depended on single\u2010layer contributions. In conclusion, we show that multilayer networks represent a biologically and clinically meaningful framework to model multimodal MRI data, with disruption of the core\u2010periphery structure emerging as a potential connectomic biomarker for disease severity and cognitive impairment in PwMS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T01:39:19Z","timestamp":1735609159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Disrupted Core Periphery of Multiplex Brain Networks in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Pontillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London  London UK"},{"name":"MS Center Amsterdam, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology University of Naples \"Federico II\"  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Prados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London  London UK"},{"name":"E\u2010Health Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alle Meije","family":"Wink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MS Center Amsterdam, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baris","family":"Kanber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvino","family":"Bisecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy A. 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