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The objective of this study was to identify the neural impact of three challenging contexts that typically compromise self\u2010regulation and weaken impulse control. Participants included 66 healthy adults (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200929.82\/10.21\u2009years old, 63.6% female) who were free of psychiatric disorders and psychotropic medication use. Participants completed a set of novel Go\/NoGo (GNG) paradigms in the scanner, which manipulated contextual factors to induce (i) aversive emotions, (ii) appetitive drive, or (iii) concurrent working memory load. Voxelwise analysis of neural activation during each of these tasks was compared to that of a neutral GNG task. Findings revealed differential inhibition\u2010related activation in the aversive emotions and appetitive drive GNG tasks relative to the neutral task in frontal, parietal and temporal cortices, suggesting emotional and motivational contexts may suppress activation of these cortical regions during inhibitory control. In contrast, the GNG task with a concurrent working memory load showed widespread increased activation across the cortex compared to the neutral task, indicative of enhanced recruitment of executive control regions. Results suggest the neural circuitry recruited for inhibitory control varies depending on the concomitant emotional, motivational, and cognitive demands of a given context. This battery of GNG tasks can be used by researchers interested in studying unique patterns of neural activation associated with inhibitory control across three clinically relevant contexts that challenge self\u2010regulation and confer risk for impulsive behavior.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T04:39:15Z","timestamp":1737693555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Deciphering the Neural Effects of Emotional, Motivational, and Cognitive Challenges on Inhibitory Control Processes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Bounoua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2975-4792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Stumps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Spielberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Sadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010019\u201000198\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00261.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00393"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.88.4.589"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Losing Control: How and Why People Fail at Self\u2010Regulation","author":"Baumeister R. 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