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Synchronized maturation across regions that relate to functional connectivity (FC) could be partially reflected in the developmental changes in underlying microstructure. Nevertheless, covariation of regional microstructural properties, termed \u201cmicrostructural connectivity\u201d (MC), and its relationship to the emergence of functional specialization during the early neurodevelopmental period remain poorly understood. We investigated the evolution of MC and FC postnatally across a set of cortical and subcortical regions, focusing on 45 preterm infants scanned longitudinally, and compared to 45 matched full\u2010term neonates as part of the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) using direct comparisons of grey\u2010matter connectivity strengths as well as network\u2010based analyses. Our findings revealed a global strengthening of both MC and FC with age, with connection\u2010specific variability influenced by the connection maturational stage. 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Our study offers novel insights into the dynamic interplay between microstructural and functional brain development and highlights the potential of MC as a complementary descriptor for characterizing brain network development and alterations due to perinatal insults such as premature birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T12:31:37Z","timestamp":1742301097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early Development and Co\u2010Evolution of Microstructural and Functional Brain Connectomes: A Multi\u2010Modal <scp>MRI<\/scp> Study in Preterm and Full\u2010Term Infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7442-5747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gondov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, NeuroDiderot  Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, CEA, NeuroSpin, UNIACT  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Neumane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, NeuroDiderot  Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, CEA, NeuroSpin, UNIACT  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"},{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Arichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, NeuroDiderot  Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, CEA, NeuroSpin, UNIACT  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201061326\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3465"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv203"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301652110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010neuro\u2010071714\u2010033936"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1994.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.01.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912034117"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.2914"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.32992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2021.151473"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. 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