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However, the degree to which cross\u2010sectional MRI features, including BA, reflect past, ongoing, and future brain changes across different tissue types from macro\u2010 to microstructure remains controversial. Here, we use multimodal imaging data of 39,325 UK Biobank participants, aged 44\u201382\u2009years at baseline and 2,520 follow\u2010ups within 1.12\u20136.90\u2009years to examine BA changes and their relationship to anatomical brain changes. We find insufficient evidence to conclude that BA reflects the rate of brain aging. However, modality\u2010specific differences in brain ages reflect the state of the brain, highlighting diffusion and multimodal MRI brain age as potentially useful cross\u2010sectional markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T05:05:12Z","timestamp":1744779912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cross\u2010Sectional Brain Age Assessments Are Limited in Predicting Future Brain Change"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8113-2560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Korbmacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Functioning Western Norway University of Applied Sciences  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Neuro\u2010SysMed Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland 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