{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:12:33Z","timestamp":1787987553508,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a clinically heterogeneous, multifactorial autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system. Structural damage to the myelin sheath, resulting in the consequent slowing of the conduction velocities, is a key pathophysiological mechanism. In fact, the conduction velocities are closely related to the degree of myelination, with thicker myelin sheaths associated to higher conduction velocities. However, how the intensity of the structural lesions of the myelin translates to slowing of nerve conduction delays is not known. In this work, we use large\u2010scale brain models and Bayesian model inversion to estimate how myelin lesions translate to longer conduction delays across the damaged tracts. A cohort of 38 subjects (20 healthy and 18 with MS) underwent MEG recordings during an eyes\u2010closed resting\u2010state condition, along with MRI acquisitions and detailed white matter tractography analysis. We observed that MS patients consistently showed decreased power within the alpha frequency band (8\u201313\u2009Hz) as compared to the healthy group. We also derived a lesion matrix indicating the percentage of lesions for each tract in every patient. Using large\u2010scale brain modeling, the neural activity of each region was represented as a Stuart\u2010Landau oscillator operating in a regime showing damped oscillations, and the regions were coupled according to subject\u2010specific connectomes. We propose a linear formulation to the relationship between the conduction delays and the amount of structural damage in each white matter tract. Dependent upon the parameter , this function translates lesions into edge\u2010specific conduction delays (leading to shifts in the power spectra). Using deep neural density estimators, we found that the estimation of  showed a strong correlation with the alpha peak in MEG recordings. The most probable inferred  for each subject is inversely proportional to the observed peaks, while power peaks themselves do not correlate with total lesion volume. Furthermore, the estimated parameters were predictive (cross\u2010sectionally) of individual clinical disability. This study represents the initial exploration showcasing the location\u2010specific impact of myelin lesions on conduction delays, thereby enhancing the customization of models for individuals with multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T06:48:19Z","timestamp":1746254899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mapping Brain Lesions to Conduction Delays: The Next Step for Personalized Brain Models in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Mazzara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Promoting Health, Maternal\u2010Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (PROMISE) G. 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