{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:45:18Z","timestamp":1788918318953,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92259103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92259103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the performance of an MR\u2010guided PET reconstruction method in enhancing the image quality of brain PET images acquired with an integrated PET\/MR system. We implemented an MR\u2010guided PET reconstruction (MRg) algorithm in an integrated PET\/MR system and conducted both phantom and clinical studies. The PET images of a Hoffman phantom were reconstructed using the MRg algorithm and routine Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) algorithm. Image quality metrics were calculated to investigate the dose effects, number of iterations, and penalization factor (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>). In the clinical study, the PET images of 30 patients without brain lesions, two patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 18 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and one patient with cavernous angioma were reconstructed using MRg and OSEM, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were performed. In the phantom study, MRg images demonstrated improved image quality metrics (higher contrast and lower variability) compared to conventional OSEM, particularly at lower doses. The penalization factor  maximized the advantages of MRg. In the clinical study of patients without brain lesions, MRg significantly outperformed OSEM in image quality evaluation. For patients with DLBCL, the lesions' signal\/contrast\u2010to\u2010background\/noise ratios exhibited significant improvements using the MRg. For patients with PD, the standardized uptake value ratio and contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio of bilateral putamen were significantly improved by MRg. The MRg has convincingly demonstrated significant advantages over the conventional OSEM in brain PET images, indicating great potential in clinical routines for brain PET\/MR examinations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T04:43:33Z","timestamp":1754369013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Improving the Quality of Brain <scp>PET<\/scp> Images Using <scp>MR<\/scp>\u2010Guided <scp>PET<\/scp> Reconstruction Technique With Integrated\u00a0<scp>PET<\/scp>\/<scp>MR<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2331-3486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongda","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoyi","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute UIH Group  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute UIH Group  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6391-2849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.825623"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRPMS.2018.2881248"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"Correlation Between FDG\u2010PET Uptake and Survival in Patients With Primary Brain Tumors","volume":"11","author":"Binneboese A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13812"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI157074"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"2488","article-title":"Utilizing MRI Information to Estimate F18\u2010FDG Distributions in Rat Flank Tumors","volume":"4","author":"Bowsher J. 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