{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:51:23Z","timestamp":1791942683482,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMMI: 2123061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMMI: 2123061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB031849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB031849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding the development of complex brain surface morphologies during the fetal stage is essential for uncovering mechanisms underlying brain disorders linked to abnormal cortical folding. However, knowledge of the spatiotemporal evolution of fetal brain landmarks remains limited due to the lack of longitudinal data capturing multiple timepoints for individual brains. In this study, we develop and validate an image\u2010based true\u2010scale mechanical model to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of brain sulcal pits in individual fetal brains. Altered sulcal pits patterns have been observed in disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), polymicrogyria, Down syndrome, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Our model, constructed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from the first timepoint of longitudinal data, predicts the brain's surface morphology by comparing the distribution of sulcal pits between the predicted models and MRI scans from a later timepoint. This dynamic model simulates how a smooth fetal brain with primary folds evolves into a convoluted morphology. Our results align with imaging data, showing that sulcal pits are stable during brain development and can serve as key markers linking prenatal and postnatal brain characteristics. The model provides a platform for future hypothesis testing and for studying the effects of mechanical parameters on the evolution of sulcal pits in both healthy and disordered brains. This research represents a significant advancement in understanding fetal brain development and its connection to disorders that manifest as abnormal sulcal pit patterns later in life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T10:29:40Z","timestamp":1756290580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mechanics of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Sulcal Pits in the Folding Brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4766-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akbar","family":"Solhtalab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science State University of New York at Binghamton  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Gholipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences University of California Irvine  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiying","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science State University of New York at Binghamton  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8421-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mir Jalil","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2266258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brain.2023.100065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1478-3975\/10\/1\/016005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511755446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2008.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831\u2010019\u201009352\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eml.2015.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2014.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2799173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brain.2021.100029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40086-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15745-5_51"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720004079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7647-8_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.3046579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.04.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385313a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2023.102711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201593701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-005-2782-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26971-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Fetal Cerebral Cortex: Normal Gestational Landmarks Identified Using Prenatal MR Imaging","volume":"22","author":"Garel C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2051680"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00525-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2004.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.7.1290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.8.702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0020022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1312-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou J. K.Jiang A.Ramanathan et\u00a0al.2025. Mechanical Characterization of Brain Tissue: Experimental Techniques Human Testing Considerations and Perspectives. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.12346.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5245657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2121748119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.04.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4057020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2015.2415453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.650082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9997-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","first-page":"492","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2010","author":"Minsu C.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5429.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3291116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93934-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5544.1011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgab044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.92.032701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.45.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90021-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0961-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56362-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071714-034128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406015111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3632"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-26098-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.2974844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016830117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47900-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EC-10-2018-0481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237\u2010020\u201001400\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-020-01400-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SM00129J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3824-0_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25971"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-017-0637-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:4<218::AID-HBM2>3.0.CO;2-6"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.70332","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.70332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T08:44:16Z","timestamp":1757666656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.70332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.70332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.70332","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.02.19.639052","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70332"}}