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Action\u2010effect binding (AEB) is a fundamental mechanism enabling this. While AEB has been well\u2010characterized in adults, its neurophysiological underpinnings during adolescence remain unclear. This study investigates differences between adolescence and adulthood in the directed cortical network communication underlying AEB. Using an EEG frequency tagging approach, we examined differences in theta\u2010driven directed connectivity between adolescents and adults. Our findings reveal that both groups engage a core network comprising the insular cortex, anterior temporal lobe, and inferior frontal cortex. However, adolescents exhibit stronger directed connectivity within this network, particularly in anterior temporal lobe\u2010mediated interactions, suggesting a greater reliance on representational processing for action\u2010effect integration. Furthermore, adolescents uniquely recruit posterior ventral stream regions, including the lingual gyrus. This additional involvement suggests an increased demand for sensory integration in adolescents, potentially compensating for immaturities in action\u2010effect representation. These results indicate that while the essential neural architecture for AEB is established in adolescence, its functional organization differs from that of adults. This study provides novel insights into developmental changes in cortical network communication underlying intentional action control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T09:25:21Z","timestamp":1757323521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maturational Changes in Action\u2010Effect Integration Processes Are Reflected by Changes in the Directed Cortical Network Communication"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9069-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"M\u00fcckschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4731-5125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Hommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Shandong Normal University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2989-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Beste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"School of Psychology Shandong Normal University  Jinan China"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Partner Site Leipzig\/Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2015.00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.700171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.712135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000707"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgac050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.27.1.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Ester M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(99)00031-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2020.110308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840100700510"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06439-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Progress in Brain Research","author":"Goodale M. 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