{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:26:41Z","timestamp":1783103201708,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201021\u2010ASTR\u20100022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201021\u2010ASTR\u20100022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The functional organization of the human spinal cord has primarily been derived from clinical observations and invasive electrophysiological studies. Recent methodological advances opened the possibility of studying the neuronal activity of the spinal cord in humans using noninvasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we took advantage of fMRI to map the patterns of activity elicited by muscle\u2010specific proprioceptive information along the whole cervical cord. We quantified the fMRI signals of the cervical spinal cord in 24 healthy participants who received mechanical muscle tendon vibration to stimulate proprioceptive afferents. The wrist flexor, biceps, and anterior deltoid muscles were independently stimulated while the upper limbs were stationary to avoid movement artifacts. To account for anatomical variability among participants, we optimized activity pattern localization by identifying individual rootlets and determining corresponding spinal levels using a trained deep\u2010learning model. Distinct activation patterns emerged based on the stimulated muscle and body side, which coincided with well\u2010established myotome maps. Concretely, the vibration\u2010induced proprioceptive stimuli activity circumscribed to the ipsilateral ventral horn with a rostrocaudal distribution that reflected the proximo\u2010distal location of the stimulated muscles. This spatial organization supported the proprioceptive origin of the response. This study demonstrates that muscle tendon vibration combined with spinal cord fMRI enables the noninvasive identification of upper\u2010limb myotomes within the cervical spinal cord, offering new possibilities for studying the functional organization of the spinal cord and for clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T12:45:56Z","timestamp":1761137156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mapping Human Proprioceptive Projections of Upper Limb Muscles Through Spinal Cord\n                    <scp>fMRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Schlienger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, CNRS CRPN, Centre de Recherche en Psychologie et Neurosciences  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Landelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0477-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio Daniel","family":"Hernandez\u2010Charpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRestore, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Maria","family":"Pinzon\u2010Corredor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, CNRS CRPN, Centre de Recherche en Psychologie et Neurosciences  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Caron\u2010Guyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble\u2010Alpes University, CNRS GIN, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Sein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, CNRS, MRI\u2010Center, INT, Institute of Neuroscience of la Timone  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Nazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, CNRS, MRI\u2010Center, INT, Institute of Neuroscience of la Timone  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyne","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRestore, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Felician","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Syst\u00e8mes  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Luc","family":"Anton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, CNRS, MRI\u2010Center, INT, Institute of Neuroscience of la Timone  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire","family":"Courtine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRestore, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2712-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Kavounoudias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, CNRS CRPN, Centre de Recherche en Psychologie et Neurosciences  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34841-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and ANS","author":"Cramer G. 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