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It is involved in emotional processing controlling responses to social, affective, or motivational stimuli, facilitating interaction with the surrounding environment. Given its importance in typical development, understanding early normative growth patterns in the amygdala can provide insights into the origins of emotional and social behaviors. This study examined age\u2010related differences in amygdala volume from the fetal to early childhood period across six cohorts from in utero to the first 4\u2009years of life, and explored the association with social, cognitive and communication outcomes. Amygdala volumes were analyzed in 471 participants ranging from 27 to 195\u2009weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The results of the mixed model analyses indicated that volume significantly increased in size with age (\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    (534)\u2009=\u20097.92,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with the left amygdala demonstrating stronger age\u2010related changes (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and with males showing steeper age\u2010related changes compared to females (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.012). In a subset of participants with developmental outcome data (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930), significant associations were observed for the left amygdala, with larger volumes predicting receptive communication (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.02,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.017), including an interaction with sex (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.028). Additional effects were found for social\u2013emotional (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.03,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and cognitive outcomes (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.02,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with interactions by sex and age (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), whereas no significant findings were detected for the right amygdala. These results characterize age\u2010related changes in amygdala volumes early in development and highlight the role of sex and laterality, while underscoring its importance in social communication during early development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:26:46Z","timestamp":1762860406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age\u2010Related Changes in the Amygdala From In Utero to Early Childhood: Association With Social and Cognitive Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education Western University  London Ontario 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